Small business loan 101: A step-by-step guide

Small businesses are a big deal.

They account for almost 98% of all businesses in Canada and employ about 90% of its private-sector workforce. Yet only half of small businesses make it to the five-year mark.

Give your small business a fighting chance with sufficient financing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to getting a small business loan:

Documents you need for a small business loan

Although the world has largely gone digital, you’ll need some crucial documents to apply for a small business loan including: 

• Personal Net Worth Statement: Personal assets for collateral may be required. 
• Your credit rating and history: To be accessed by the lender, requiring signed consent provided as part of the Personal Net Worth statement above.
• A business plan: This is important for new start ups.
• Year-end financial statements: Including your Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Expense Report, along with a Year-to-Date Statement for existing businesses.

What to include in a business plan

The business plan is extremely important. It should include: 

• A brief history of the business 
• Its structure (i.e., corporation, sole proprietorship, etc.) 
• Size, key management positions and expertise of staff 
• Operational details (i.e., manufacturing, distribution, ecommerce)
• Main products and services 
• Your business strategy 
• Overview of your industry and main competition
• Marketing strategy
• Pricing points
• Data on cash flow, revenue, costs, profits and losses 
• Growth plans and sales forecasts (at least 12 months)

Don’t forget to tell a story: what makes your business special and unique? Put some passion into your plan! Be brief, keeping it to two pages, if possible, but also be compelling. 

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Where to get small business loans

Everyone knows banks provide loans. But did you know that a 2016 study found credit unions provide small businesses with better quality financial services – including loans — than banks?

After surveying over 11,000 small businesses, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) concluded that, “credit unions continue to be the top performers when it comes to serving small businesses’ overall financial needs.” 

In addition, credit unions are continuing to focus on improving their member experience ratings, as a 2020 CFIB study explains. “Credit unions are taking measures to be very small-business friendly, and it’s paying off,” according to CFIB, pointing out that credit unions ranked highest compared to other financial institutions across all areas of evaluation.

Don’t overlook government lending programs either, such as the Canada Small Business Financing Program (CSBFP), which provides:

• Loans worth up to $1 million for small businesses/startups with gross annual revenues of $10 million or less
• Loans that can be used to buy or renovate real estate or purchase equipment for your business 

Some lenders offer loans targeted to specific types of entrepreneurs (like women, youth or Indigenous people) or businesses (such as IT or cleantech), so find out if you qualify for those programs.

Many alternative lending platforms have also sprung up online in recent years, including peer-to-peer financing. Be aware, however, that they often charge much higher interest rates and may require direct, real-time access to data from your banking, accounting and distribution systems.

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Repaying a small business loan

Each lender has different repayment policies, but these examples may help you prepare: 

Collateral: Some lenders require assets (business or personal) as collateral for small business loans, while others may ask you to sign an unsecured personal guarantee instead. 

Interest: In CFIB’s study mentioned above, businesses of the following sizes were charged these average rates: 

• less than five employees: 2.28 percentage points above prime
• 5-49 employees: 1.96 points above prime 
• 50-499 employees: 1.47 points above prime

Fees: Consider what fees and additional expenses may be required. While some may have no application fees, make sure you’re aware of any other charges. For CSBFP, for example, there is a registration fee of two per cent of the total loan amount that must be paid to the Government of Canada, but can be financed as part of the CSBF loan. There may also be application, registration and other administration fees charged by the lender, which you should understand before making a formal application.

Penalties: Likewise, ask if any penalties could be part of the loan agreement. For example, you might find out there is no penalty for early or lump sum payments, which allows you to repay the small business loan faster if you bring in extra revenue.

Repayment timeline: Some lenders may require that the loan must be repaid over a certain period, such as 60 months. They may also allow initial payments to be for interest only, which buys you some time to pay back the full amount.

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The bottom line on finding a small business loan

You don’t have to accept the first loan offer you get. Shop around for the loan that works for your business, whether that includes the lowest rates, smallest fees, best service or industry expertise.

Small businesses should also look for long-term financial partners, not just transactional lenders. A good business advisor will want to ensure the health of your accounts and the growth of your business. Here are some other things that a good financial institution partner should be offering your small business.

Finally, ask fellow entrepreneurs which lenders have provided them with solid financing and outstanding service. Getting these types of referrals from your own trusted contacts is a great place to start when you’re shopping for a loan. At the end of the day, you need to be comfortable with your financing and how it will fit into the future strategy of your organization.

If you’re in business, we’re here to help. ACU’s Community Financial Centre and Business Financial Centre can provide advice and strategic guidance to help you find the right funding and plan a path for the years ahead. 

Reach out to your Account Manager or book an appointment today. Or give us a call us at 204.958.8588 (toll-free 1.877.958.8588) or email business@acu.ca.

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